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Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert...
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The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
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The rational continued influence of misinformation.

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Misinformation

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Information science
  • Bayesian reasoning

Background:

  • The Continued Influence Effect (CIE) demonstrates that misinformation persists even after retraction.
  • Existing theories often attribute CIE to biased reasoning processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the CIE by incorporating temporal dynamics and source reliability.
  • To determine if the CIE can be explained by rational information processing.

Main Methods:

  • A Bayesian framework was employed to model contradictory testimonies.
  • Factors such as temporal order and source credibility were integrated.
  • Empirical study with 101 lay reasoners to assess intuitive endorsement of rational CIE assumptions.

Main Results:

  • Lay reasoners intuitively grasp assumptions supporting a rational CIE.
  • Participants exhibited the standard CIE and adjusted for source reliability.
  • Individual analysis showed a gap between endorsing rational assumptions and complex Bayesian updating.

Conclusions:

  • The Continued Influence Effect can be understood as a rational process under specific conditions.
  • Temporal dependence and perceived source reliability are key factors.
  • While intuitive, the complex Bayesian updating required for rational CIE is challenging for individuals.