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Related Concept Videos

Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

Preclinical Development: Overview

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Clinical Trials: Overview01:11

Clinical Trials: Overview

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Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
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Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Vaccinations01:51

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Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
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Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Development: Current Status.

Gregory A Poland1, Inna G Ovsyannikova1, Stephen N Crooke1

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This summary is machine-generated.

Developing safe and effective vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical. This review examines various vaccine approaches and challenges in achieving population-level immunity against SARS-CoV-2.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic necessitates urgent development of safe and effective vaccines.
  • Over 120 vaccine candidates are in development globally, employing diverse strategies like inactivated, viral-vectored, and nucleic acid-based approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major vaccine approaches for preventing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • To identify key issues and challenges in the ongoing vaccine development efforts.
  • To highlight the importance of public-private partnerships in accelerating vaccine research.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed (1963-2020) using terms related to SARS, MERS, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, vaccines, and clinical trials.
  • Web searches for relevant information.
  • Review of data from public health authorities like the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Main Results:

  • A wide array of vaccine platforms are under investigation for COVID-19 prevention.
  • Successful vaccine deployment requires addressing scientific, logistical, and public health challenges.
  • Collaborative efforts are crucial for rapid identification and development of viable vaccine candidates.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple vaccine strategies are being pursued to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Achieving herd immunity and individual protection hinges on the successful development and distribution of efficacious vaccines.
  • Continued research and global collaboration are essential for overcoming the pandemic.