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Hypertension and Hyperthyroidism: Association and Pathogenesis

Ana M Rivas1, Camilo Pena2, Jonathan Kopel2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, U.S.A..

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|October 5, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Secondary hypertension, often caused by endocrine disorders like hyperthyroidism, can be treated. Early identification of thyroid disorders in hypertensive patients may lead to a cure and offers insights into hypertension

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality.
  • While most hypertension is primary, 10-15% is secondary to other conditions.
  • Endocrine disorders account for about 10% of secondary hypertension cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of secondary hypertension.
  • To emphasize the role of endocrine disorders, specifically thyroid dysfunction, in secondary hypertension.
  • To encourage clinicians to consider hyperthyroidism in hypertensive patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on secondary hypertension and endocrine disorders.
  • Analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking hyperthyroidism to hypertension.
  • Clinical considerations for diagnosing secondary hypertension.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid disorders cause approximately 1% of all hypertension cases.
  • Hyperthyroidism can increase cardiac output, systolic blood pressure, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone levels.
  • Treating hyperthyroidism can resolve hypertension in some individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Identifying secondary hypertension, particularly due to endocrine causes like hyperthyroidism, is crucial.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology of secondary hypertension aids in managing all forms of hypertension.
  • Clinicians should suspect hyperthyroidism in patients with hypertension, irrespective of age.

Keywords:
EpidemiologyHypertensionHyperthyroidismPathophysiologyRisk factors

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