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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension and Hyperthyroidism: Association and Pathogenesis.

Ana M Rivas1, Camilo Pena2, Jonathan Kopel2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, U.S.A..

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
|October 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Secondary hypertension, often caused by endocrine disorders like hyperthyroidism, can be treated. Early identification of thyroid disorders in hypertensive patients may lead to a cure and offers insights into hypertension

Keywords:
EpidemiologyHypertensionHyperthyroidismPathophysiologyRisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity and mortality.
  • While most hypertension is primary, 10-15% is secondary to other conditions.
  • Endocrine disorders account for about 10% of secondary hypertension cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of secondary hypertension.
  • To emphasize the role of endocrine disorders, specifically thyroid dysfunction, in secondary hypertension.
  • To encourage clinicians to consider hyperthyroidism in hypertensive patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on secondary hypertension and endocrine disorders.
  • Analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms linking hyperthyroidism to hypertension.
  • Clinical considerations for diagnosing secondary hypertension.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid disorders cause approximately 1% of all hypertension cases.
  • Hyperthyroidism can increase cardiac output, systolic blood pressure, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone levels.
  • Treating hyperthyroidism can resolve hypertension in some individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Identifying secondary hypertension, particularly due to endocrine causes like hyperthyroidism, is crucial.
  • Understanding the pathophysiology of secondary hypertension aids in managing all forms of hypertension.
  • Clinicians should suspect hyperthyroidism in patients with hypertension, irrespective of age.