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Related Concept Videos

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

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Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
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Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

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While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
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Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep01:24

Substance Use Disorders Affecting Sleep

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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
Understanding the concepts of physical dependence,...
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Nightmares and Night Terrors01:18

Nightmares and Night Terrors

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Nightmares and night terrors represent two distinct types of sleep disturbances that differ in timing, characteristics, and the sleeper's recall of the event. Nightmares are vivid, disturbing dreams that usually awaken the sleeper from REM sleep, a stage of sleep where brain activity is high, and dreams are most frequent. Upon awakening, individuals often have detailed recollections of their nightmares, which can include themes of threats to survival, security, or self-esteem.
Nightmares...
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Understanding Sleep01:11

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Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Human Circadian Phenotyping and Diurnal Performance Testing in the Real World
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Later bedtimes predict President Trump's performance.

Douglas Almond1,2, Xinming Du1

  • 1Columbia University, United States of America.

Economics Letters
|October 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

President Trump

Area of Science:

  • Sleep science
  • Political science
  • Social media analysis

Background:

  • Technology and social media use are linked to delayed sleep.
  • Assessing sleep duration via President Trump's Twitter activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between late-night Twitter activity and public performance.
  • To investigate the impact of potential sleep deprivation on political outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing Twitter post times as a proxy for sleep duration.
  • Quantifying engagement metrics (likes, retweets, replies) after late-night posts.
  • Text analysis of speeches/interviews for emotional tone.
  • Examining 2020 election odds.

Main Results:

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Related Experiment Videos

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  • Late-night Twitter activity increased significantly (317%) from 2017-2020.
  • Reduced follower engagement on days following late-night posts (6.5%-8% drop).
  • Increased likelihood of "angry" emotional tone and decreased "happy" tone in public statements.
  • Opponent's election odds increased after late nights.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence suggests progressive sleep shortening during Trump's term.
  • Sleep deprivation appears to correlate with compromised public performance and political outcomes.