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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Kidney Disease and Uremic Sarcopenia.

Koji Takemura1, Hiroshi Nishi1, Reiko Inagi2

  • 1Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Frontiers in Physiology
|October 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondrial dysfunction impacts kidney and muscle health, particularly in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and sarcopenia. This review explores therapeutic effects on mitochondria in these conditions.

Keywords:
CKD - chronic kidney diseasekidneymitochondriasarcopeniaskeletal muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial biology and pathophysiology
  • Nephrology and exercise physiology

Background:

  • Mitochondria are vital organelles involved in energy production, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis.
  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is increasingly linked to various pathologies.
  • Mitochondria are recognized as a therapeutic target for numerous diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mitochondrial alterations in kidney and skeletal muscle.
  • To examine the interplay between sarcopenia and chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • To explore the impact of CKD therapeutics on mitochondrial function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mitochondrial changes in kidney and skeletal muscle.
  • Analysis of sarcopenia and CKD co-occurrence.
  • Examination of pharmacological effects of CKD treatments on mitochondria.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a common feature in both kidney and skeletal muscle pathologies.
  • Sarcopenia and CKD often present concurrently, with shared mitochondrial underpinnings.
  • Existing CKD therapeutics demonstrate varying pharmacological effects on mitochondria.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial health is crucial for kidney and skeletal muscle function.
  • Targeting mitochondrial dysfunction presents a potential therapeutic strategy for CKD and sarcopenia.
  • Further research into CKD drugs' mitochondrial effects is warranted.