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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Externally-Controlled Systems for Immunotherapy: From Bench to Bedside.

María Tristán-Manzano1, Pedro Justicia-Lirio1,2, Noelia Maldonado-Pérez1

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Summary

Smart immunotherapy combines gene therapy for better cancer treatment. Externally controlled gene expression aims to improve safety and efficacy, managing treatment intensity and duration for advanced therapy medicinal products.

Keywords:
ATMPsautoimmunitycancerexternally controlledgene therapyimmunotherapyinducibletransgene expression

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gene Therapy
  • Immunotherapy
  • Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs)

Background:

  • Immunotherapy, especially combined with gene therapy, shows promise for cancer treatment, leading to approved ATMPs for specific cancers.
  • Current immunotherapies face challenges including severe side effects and inefficiency in solid tumors.
  • Controlling transgene expression via external inducers is a key strategy to enhance safety and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review inducible, versatile, and externally controlled gene delivery systems for immunotherapy.
  • To explore the application of these systems in developing smart immunogene therapy-based ATMPs.
  • To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different control systems for clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing inducible gene delivery systems.
  • Analysis of systems controllable by external agents (drugs or other inducers).
  • Evaluation of system applications in immunotherapy and potential clinical translation.

Main Results:

  • Several inducible gene delivery systems have been developed for immunotherapy.
  • These systems offer potential for external control over transgene expression.
  • Each system presents unique advantages and disadvantages regarding safety, efficacy, and clinical applicability.

Conclusions:

  • Smart immunogene therapy, utilizing externally controlled gene expression, holds significant potential to improve cancer treatment.
  • Inducible systems offer a way to manage the intensity and duration of therapy, enhancing safety and efficacy.
  • Further research and development of these systems are crucial for their successful clinical implementation.