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Updated: Dec 6, 2025

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High-speed adaptive optics line-scan OCT for cellular-resolution optoretinography.

Vimal Prabhu Pandiyan1,2, Xiaoyun Jiang1, Aiden Maloney-Bertelli1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.

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Summary

Optoretinography, a novel optical imaging technique, captures light-induced retinal activity for therapy development. This high-speed system achieves stable, detailed imaging of cone photoreceptor function, offering a new biomarker for eye health.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Optics
  • Retinal Imaging

Background:

  • Optoretinography offers a non-invasive method for assessing retinal function and evaluating new therapies.
  • Phase-resolved optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables all-optical retinal imaging, but is limited by eye motion and acquisition speed.
  • High-speed, stable imaging is crucial for capturing fast, light-induced retinal events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a high-speed line-scan spectral domain OCT system with adaptive optics (AO) for volumetric, phase-resolved retinal imaging.
  • To overcome challenges of eye motion and limited acquisition speed in functional retinal imaging.
  • To demonstrate the system's capability in imaging light-induced changes in cone photoreceptors.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a high-speed line-scan spectral domain OCT system integrated with adaptive optics (AO).
  • Implementation of parallel B-scan acquisition for high-speed (up to 16 kHz) tomogram generation.
  • Introduction of an anamorphic detection paradigm to enhance spectral and spatial resolution and signal efficiency.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high-speed (up to 16 kHz), depth-resolved tomographic imaging with high sensitivity and phase stability.
  • Demonstrated imaging of nanometer-millisecond scale light-induced optical path length changes in cone photoreceptor outer segments.
  • Successfully segregated individual cone responses into three spectral sensitivity clusters (long, middle, short-wavelength).

Conclusions:

  • The developed AO-OCT system provides a robust and sensitive platform for optoretinography.
  • This technique enables detailed imaging of cone photoreceptor function at various spatial scales.
  • Optoretinograms serve as a valuable biomarker for assessing cone function in both healthy and diseased eyes.