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Quo Vadis Oncological Hyperthermia (2020)?

Sun-Young Lee1, Giammaria Fiorentini2, Attila Marcell Szasz3

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Hyperthermia uses heat to treat cancer, with electromagnetic techniques improving local-regional hyperthermia (LRHT) and whole-body hyperthermia (WBH). Current trends focus on milder temperatures for immune modulation and tumor-specific reactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Physics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Hyperthermia, an ancient cancer treatment, lacks effective deep heating techniques in modern medicine.
  • Electromagnetic interactions have advanced local-regional hyperthermia (LRHT) and whole-body hyperthermia (WBH).
  • Hyperthermia's development has been inconsistent, with varied medical community views on its benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current oncologic hyperthermia techniques, challenges, and trends.
  • To propose a novel, effective approach to oncologic hyperthermia and a paradigm shift in dosing.
  • To explore the potential of hyperthermia in modulating immune responses against cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hyperthermia techniques in oncology.
  • Analysis of physiological limitations and temperature trends in WBH and LRHT.
  • Examination of research on bystander and abscopal effects in hyperthermia.

Main Results:

  • WBH is shifting towards mild temperatures for immune support.
  • LRHT, while capable of high temperatures, is trending towards milder settings for immune modulation.
  • Emerging research highlights bystander and abscopal effects, intensifying interest in hyperthermia's systemic anti-tumor potential.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperthermia, particularly LRHT, shows promise for immune-oriented cancer treatment.
  • A paradigm shift towards milder temperatures and immune modulation is evident in oncologic hyperthermia.
  • Further research into bystander and abscopal effects is crucial for optimizing hyperthermia's role in cancer therapy.