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Clinical Features of Acute Rhabdomyolysis in 55 Pediatric Patients

Zhengxiong Yao1, Ping Yuan1, Siqi Hong1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|October 5, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Acute rhabdomyolysis (RM) in children presents differently by age. Electrolyte imbalances are a key risk factor for acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric RM patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Nephrology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Acute rhabdomyolysis (RM) is a serious condition in children.
  • Understanding age-specific presentations and risk factors for complications like acute kidney injury (AKI) is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare clinical features, laboratory findings, causes, and outcomes of pediatric RM across different age groups.
  • To identify risk factors for AKI in children with RM.
  • To explore the role of neuromuscular and autoimmune diseases in pediatric RM.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 55 children diagnosed with RM.
  • Patients were categorized into four age groups: infants (<1 year), preschool (1-6 years), school-age (7-11 years), and adolescents (12-16 years).
  • Logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for AKI.

Main Results:

  • Common symptoms included dark urine, myalgia, and fever, but presentations varied significantly by age.
  • Infants often presented with fever and vomiting, lacking typical RM triad.
  • Hereditary neuromuscular diseases, immune diseases, sepsis, and strenuous exercise were identified as common causes, varying by age group.
  • Electrolyte disorder was significantly associated with AKI, while age, gender, and peak creatine phosphokinase were not.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric RM, especially in infants, can have atypical manifestations requiring prompt medical attention.
  • Electrolyte disturbances are a significant risk factor for developing AKI in children with RM.
  • The etiology of RM differs across pediatric age groups, highlighting the importance of considering congenital hereditary metabolic and immune diseases.

Keywords:
childrenetiologyimmunoencephalitisneuromuscular diseaserhabdomyolysis

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