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Related Concept Videos

The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

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Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Chȃtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment
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Dissolved phosphate concentrations in Iowa shallow groundwater.

Keith E Schilling1, Peter J Jacobson2, Marty St Clair3

  • 1Iowa Geological Survey, Univ. of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.

Journal of Environmental Quality
|October 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Groundwater phosphate levels in Iowa are consistently high due to historical agriculture. These elevated dissolved phosphate (DPO43-) concentrations pose a significant risk to surface water quality.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Hydrogeology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Regional groundwater phosphorus (P) data is scarce, hindering environmental risk assessment.
  • Understanding background P concentrations in shallow groundwater is crucial for mitigation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the occurrence, range, and distribution of groundwater dissolved phosphate (DPO43-) in Iowa.
  • To evaluate statewide patterns of DPO43- concentrations in relation to land use, land cover, and landscape position.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled data from 17 Iowa-based studies (2006-2019).
  • Analyzed 210 discrete water table dissolved phosphate (DPO43-) measurements.
  • Evaluated concentrations against land use, land cover, and landscape position.

Main Results:

  • Dissolved phosphate (DPO43-) concentrations ranged from 0.02 to 1.56 mg L-1, averaging 0.15 ± 0.19 mg L-1 (median 0.10 mg L-1).
  • Concentrations showed uniformity across Iowa, suggesting legacy P from historical agriculture.
  • Median concentrations exceeded typical water quality criteria for surface water systems.

Conclusions:

  • Groundwater in Iowa exhibits elevated dissolved phosphate (DPO43-) levels.
  • Historical agricultural management practices likely contribute to widespread P contamination.
  • Discharging this groundwater to surface waters risks causing environmental degradation.