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Spurious Point Source Signals in the Galactic Center Excess.

Rebecca K Leane1, Tracy R Slatyer1

  • 1Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

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|October 5, 2020
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Summary

The Galactic Center Excess (GCE) likely does not originate from point sources (PSs). New analysis reveals that apparent evidence for PSs is an artifact of unmodeled north-south asymmetry, suggesting a smooth GCE is plausible.

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Area of Science:

  • Astrophysics
  • High-energy astrophysics
  • Gamma-ray astronomy

Background:

  • The Galactic Center Excess (GCE) is a mysterious gamma-ray emission from the center of the Milky Way.
  • Previous studies suggested the GCE originates from numerous point sources (PSs), possibly related to dark matter annihilation or pulsars.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reexamine the evidence for point sources (PSs) as the primary origin of the Galactic Center Excess (GCE).
  • To investigate the role of potential systematic errors, such as spatial asymmetries, in the interpretation of GCE data.

Main Methods:

  • Non-Poissonian template fitting analysis of gamma-ray data.
  • Inclusion of north-south asymmetry as a model parameter.
  • Simulations to reproduce observed behaviors and test the impact of systematic errors.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for GCE point sources (PSs) is found to be an artifact of unmodeled north-south asymmetry.
  • When this asymmetry is accounted for, the statistical preference for PSs becomes insignificant.
  • Simulations confirm that spurious PS signals can arise from such asymmetries.

Conclusions:

  • The non-Poissonian template fitting evidence for GCE point sources is highly susceptible to systematic errors.
  • Current data does not robustly disfavor a dominantly smooth GCE, challenging previous interpretations.
  • Further investigation into systematic effects is crucial for understanding the GCE's origin.