Electrolyte-Phobic Surface for the Next-Generation Nanostructured Battery Electrodes

Nanostructured electrodes are among the most important candidates for high-capacity battery chemistry. However, the high surface area they possess causes serious issues. First, it would decrease the Coulombic efficiencies. Second, they have significant intakes of liquid electrolytes, which reduce the energy density and increase the battery cost. Third, solid-electrolyte interphase growth is accelerated, affecting the cycling stability. Therefore, the interphase chemistry regarding electrolyte contact is crucial, which was rarely studied. Here, we present a completely new strategy of limiting effective surface area by introducing an "electrolyte-phobic surface". Using this method, the electrolyte intake was limited. The initial Coulombic efficiencies were increased up to ∼88%, compared to ∼60% of the control. The electrolyte-phobic layer of Si particles is also compatible with the binder, stabilizing the electrode for long-term cycling. This study advances the understanding of interphase chemistry, and the introduction of the universal concept of electrolyte-phobicity benefits the next-generation battery designs.