Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Conformable Wearable Electrodes: From Fabrication to Electrophysiological Assessment
Published on: July 22, 2022
Comparison between Embroidered and Gel Electrodes on ECG-Derived Respiration Rate
Abstract:
Respiratory rate (RR), which is an essential observation for prediagnosis, can be obtained indirectly from the electrocardiogram (ECG), the so-called ECG-derived respiration (EDR). In this paper, we compared embroidered electrodes with gel electrodes on their performance in capturing EDR signals and analysed which frequency feature best estimates RR. Data were collected from 9 healthy subjects. Results reveal that (1) embroidered electrodes performed similarly to gel electrodes (P = 0.077), (2) using the median frequency of the obtained EDR signals is significantly better (P = 0.01) than the counting methods in the time domain. The obtained results are relevant for the future development of textile-based sensors.
Related Concept Videos
Electrocardiogram
Three major waveforms are present in a typical ECG recording: the P wave, the QRS complex, and...
Electrocardiogram Fundamentals
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a diagnostic tool for identifying cardiac conditions such as arrhythmias, conduction abnormalities, and myocardial ischemia.
Definition
An electrocardiogram (ECG) visualizes the heart's electrical activity by tracing the electrical movement associated with each heartbeat on a graph or monitor. As the heart beats, an electrical wave passes through it, correlating with the cardiac cycle events.
Parts of an ECG
An ECG utilizes electrodes on the skin...
ECG Interpretation of Rhythms
Components of the Electrocardiogram
The primary components of a normal ECG waveform in Normal sinus rhythm(NSR) include the P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and occasionally a U wave.
ECG waveforms are divided by vertical and horizontal lines at standard intervals.
The horizontal axis measures time and rate, and the vertical axis measures amplitude or voltage....
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
Bode Plots Construction

