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The Cutaneous Physiological Redox: Essential to Maintain but Difficult to Define
1Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112000, Israel.
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 6, 2020
Summary
The skin
Area of Science:
- Dermatology and cellular biology
- Investigating skin's protective mechanisms
Background:
- Skin, gut, and lungs act as environmental interfaces, facing endogenous and exogenous stressors.
- These stressors can cause reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, potentially harming the organism.
- A dynamic parameter is needed to assess skin's readiness to handle fluctuating environmental conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To challenge the conventional view of redox status as a simple oxidant-antioxidant balance.
- To propose physiological redox (PR) modulation as a more accurate focus for understanding skin's resilience.
- To identify key regulators of skin's PR homeostasis.
Main Methods:
- Critical review of the concept of redox status in skin.
- Analysis of the role of low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA).
- Investigation of protein-based systems, skin microbiome, and advanced lipid peroxidation end-products (ALEs).
Main Results:
- Redox status is a dynamic process, not a static parameter, making it difficult to quantify.
- Low molecular weight antioxidants (LMWA) play a minor role in maintaining skin's PR.
- Protein-based systems, particularly phase II antioxidant enzymes, are crucial for PR modulation.
- Skin microbiome and ALEs contribute to PR homeostasis via Nrf2-Keap1 pathway activation.
Conclusions:
- Focus should shift from 'redox status' to 'physiological redox (PR) modulation' for a better understanding of skin health.
- Phase II antioxidant enzymes, skin microbiome, and ALEs are key players in maintaining skin's protective homeostasis.
- The Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is central to the skin's response to stressors and maintaining PR.
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