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Germplasm Acquisition and Distribution by CGIAR Genebanks.

Michael Halewood1, Nelissa Jamora2, Isabel Lopez Noriega1

  • 1Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT), Via dei Tre Denari 472/a, 00057 Maccarese (Fiumicino) Rome, Italy.

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Summary

CGIAR genebanks increased plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) acquisition and distribution over the last decade. However, unresolved access and benefit-sharing issues pose risks to international cooperation in PGRFA conservation.

Keywords:
CGIARaccess and benefit sharinggenebanksmultilateral systemplant genetic resources for food and agriculture

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Conservation Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • International collections of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA) are crucial for global food security and the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.
  • CGIAR genebanks are key institutions within the FAO's global system for PGRFA conservation and utilization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in PGRFA acquisition and distribution by CGIAR genebanks over the past 35 years, with a focus on the last decade.
  • To identify factors influencing these trends and assess potential challenges to international cooperation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of acquisition and distribution data from CGIAR genebanks over 35 years.
  • Review of factors influencing genebank operations, including legal frameworks, financial resources, and information management.

Main Results:

  • Both PGRFA acquisition and distribution rates by CGIAR genebanks have increased in the last decade.
  • Key factors influencing acquisition include improved gap analysis, funding, and regulatory environments.
  • Distribution is influenced by information availability, user capacity, and institutional policies.

Conclusions:

  • Increased activity in CGIAR genebanks signifies progress in PGRFA conservation and use.
  • Potential conflicts over access and benefit-sharing, particularly concerning digital genomic sequence information, threaten international collaboration.
  • Urgent attention to these tensions is needed to ensure the long-term sustainability of global PGRFA efforts.