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Related Concept Videos

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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Diabetic photoreceptors: Mechanisms underlying changes in structure and function.

Silke Becker1, Lara S Carroll1, Frans Vinberg1

  • 1John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Visual Neuroscience
|October 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early diabetic retinopathy (DR) involves photoreceptor dysfunction and loss, not just microvasculopathy. This review highlights emerging evidence of outer retinal changes in diabetes, impacting DR progression.

Keywords:
diabeteselectroretinogramphotoreceptorsretina

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Diabetology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Diabetic retinopathy (DR) traditionally viewed as retinal microvasculopathy.
  • Retinal neuronal dysfunction is an early diabetic event preceding overt DR.
  • Inner retinal cell damage in diabetes is well-known, but outer retinal (photoreceptor) changes are recently recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence of early photoreceptor alterations in diabetes.
  • To discuss the role of photoreceptor pathology in DR progression.
  • To explore mechanisms of photoreceptor damage in the diabetic retina.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of electrophysiological function in diabetic retinas.
  • Discussion of ex vivo electroretinography for animal models.

Main Results:

  • Conserved reduction in electrophysiological function in diabetic retinas.
  • Evidence supporting photoreceptor loss in diabetes.
  • Identification of potential damage mechanisms including oxidative stress and inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Early photoreceptor pathology may contribute to diabetic retinopathy progression.
  • Phototransduction may augment inflammatory damage to photoreceptors.
  • Further research into photoreceptor dysfunction is crucial for understanding and treating DR.