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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Engineering Platform and Experimental Protocol for Design and Evaluation of a Neurally-controlled Powered Transfemoral Prosthesis

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Design and clinical implementation of an open-source bionic leg.

Alejandro F Azocar^1,2, Luke M Mooney³, Jean-François Duval³

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Nature Biomedical Engineering

|October 6, 2020

Summary

This study introduces an open-source robotic knee-ankle prosthesis for real-world testing. This bionic leg aims to improve prosthetic control strategies and enable robust ambulation for individuals with lower-limb amputations.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Robotics
Rehabilitation Science

Background:

Robotic prostheses offer potential benefits for individuals with lower-limb amputations, including improved walking speed and reduced fall risk.
Current prosthetic control strategies are limited by testing in constrained lab settings and varied hardware.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and implement an integrated robotic knee-ankle prosthesis for real-world biomechanics and control strategy testing.
To provide an open-source, customizable hardware and software solution for prosthetic research.

Main Methods:

Developed an open-source, integrated robotic knee-ankle prosthesis with customizable hardware and software.
Characterized electromechanical and thermal performance through benchtop testing.
Evaluated kinematics and kinetics in three amputees during level ground, ramp, and stair ambulation.

Main Results:

The bionic leg demonstrated customizable design, enabling reduced mass, cost, and improved ease of use.
Independent knee and ankle joint operation was achieved.
Benchtop and in-vivo testing provided benchmark data for real-world prosthetic performance.

Conclusions:

The developed open-source robotic prosthesis facilitates real-world testing of biomechanics and control strategies.
This integrated hardware solution and benchmark data can advance research and clinical testing of knee-ankle prostheses.