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In Vivo Calcium Imaging in C. elegans Body Wall Muscles

In Vivo Calcium Imaging in C. elegans Body Wall Muscles

Published on: October 20, 2019

Calcium dynamics during trap closure visualized in transgenic Venus flytrap.

Hiraku Suda^1,2, Hiroaki Mano^1,2,3, Masatsugu Toyota^4,5

¹National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.

|October 6, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Venus flytraps use calcium (Ca2+) dynamics to remember mechanical stimuli for prey capture. A second touch raises calcium levels, triggering leaf closure, but only if the first signal hasn't faded.

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Area of Science:

Plant biology
Biochemistry
Mechanobiology

Background:

The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) exhibits rapid leaf closure in response to mechanical stimuli.
This response typically requires two stimuli within 30 seconds, suggesting a memory mechanism.
The precise biological system and signaling pathway for this memory remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of calcium dynamics in the Venus flytrap's stimulus memory and leaf closure response.
To link the observed signal memory to specific changes in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt).

Main Methods:

Utilized transgenic Venus flytraps engineered with a calcium (Ca2+) sensor.
Applied controlled mechanical stimuli to sensory hairs on the leaf blade.
Monitored changes in cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) using the Ca2+ sensor.
Compared calcium wave propagation speeds with other plant species and stimuli.

Main Results:

A single mechanical stimulus initiated a calcium (Ca2+) wave spreading from the sensory hair to the leaf blade.
A second stimulus, if applied within approximately 30 seconds, elevated [Ca2+]cyt to a threshold level, inducing leaf closure.
The cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) decayed over time, and a delayed second stimulus failed to reach the closure threshold.
Calcium waves from mechanical stimulation in Dionaea were significantly faster than those induced by wounding in other plants.

Conclusions:

Calcium dynamics are directly linked to the stimulus memory mechanism in Venus flytraps.
The threshold-based calcium increase is crucial for triggering the rapid leaf closure response.
This study provides insights into the rapid movement mechanisms in plants and their evolutionary basis, highlighting the role of calcium signaling.