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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
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Combined Reconstruction of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament and the Medial Quadriceps Tendon-Femoral Ligament Using Rectus Femoris Tendon Autograft.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

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Current Concepts Regarding Patellofemoral Trochlear Dysplasia.

Benjamin J Levy1,2, Miho J Tanaka3, John P Fulkerson1,4

  • 1School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.

The American Journal of Sports Medicine
|October 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Optimal treatment for patellofemoral trochlear dysplasia and recurrent patellar instability involves understanding aberrant forces. Surgical stabilization, often without trochleoplasty, is effective for most patients, with tibial tubercle transfer beneficial in select cases.

Keywords:
medial patellofemoral ligamentpatellar instabilitytrochlear dysplasiatrochleoplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanical Engineering
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Patellofemoral trochlear dysplasia is a complex structural anomaly often caused by aberrant forces within the patellofemoral joint.
  • Recurrent patellar instability is a common consequence, significantly impacting patient quality of life and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on the optimal surgical treatment for patients with patellofemoral trochlear dysplasia and recurrent patellar instability.
  • To elucidate the role of specific surgical techniques, including ligament reconstruction and osteotomies, in restoring patellofemoral stability.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive literature review of studies focusing on patellofemoral trochlear dysplasia and recurrent patellar instability.
  • Analysis of surgical outcomes based on different reconstructive techniques and their impact on patellar tracking and stability.

Main Results:

  • Surgical stabilization reconstructing the medial patellofemoral ligament and/or medial quadriceps tendon-femoral ligament is effective for most patients, often without requiring trochleoplasty.
  • Tibial tubercle transfer (distal, medial, or anteromedial) can benefit selected patients with specific alignment or articular cartilage deficits.
  • Trochleoplasty is reserved for rare cases where stable patellofemoral tracking cannot be achieved otherwise, due to associated articular cartilage risks.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the biomechanics of patellofemoral trochlear dysplasia is crucial for effective treatment planning.
  • Reconstructive surgery of the medial patellofemoral and/or medial quadriceps tendon-femoral ligaments is the primary surgical approach for most patients.
  • Advanced imaging and 3D reconstructions aid in surgical planning for improved outcomes in recurrent patellar instability and trochlear dysplasia.