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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs01:26

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs

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Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
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Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Immunization of Adult Zebrafish for the Preclinical Screening of DNA-based Vaccines
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[Vaccines for adults: an update].

Ulrich Seybold1

  • 1Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Sektion Klinische Infektiologie, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München.

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
|October 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary

German vaccination practices evolved in 2019/20 with new measles mandates and updated recommendations for pneumococcal and HPV vaccines. The first Ebola vaccine was licensed, and rapid development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is underway.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Vaccination policies in Germany are influenced by scientific advancements and regulatory frameworks.
  • Recent years have seen significant shifts in vaccine recommendations and mandates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key vaccination developments and regulatory changes in Germany during 2019-2020.
  • To highlight advancements in vaccine development for diseases like Ebola and SARS-CoV-2.

Main Methods:

  • Review of updated vaccination guidelines and regulatory announcements.
  • Analysis of vaccine development pipelines for emerging infectious diseases.

Main Results:

  • Streamlined and expanded work-related vaccination recommendations for measles, rubella, and chickenpox.

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Evaluation of Host-Pathogen Responses and Vaccine Efficacy in Mice
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  • Mandatory measles vaccination or immunity proof for employment and institutional attendance.
  • Updated recommendations for pneumococcal vaccines and potential for reduced HPV vaccine series.
  • Licensure of the first Ebola vaccine and rapid advancement of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates.

    • Conclusions:

    • German vaccination landscape is dynamic, adapting to scientific evidence and public health needs.
    • Accelerated vaccine development, particularly for SARS-CoV-2, signifies a new era in infectious disease response.