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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

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In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
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Capacitor With A Dielectric01:18

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Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...
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Spherical and Cylindrical Capacitor01:26

Spherical and Cylindrical Capacitor

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A spherical capacitor consists of two concentric conducting spherical shells of radii R1 (inner shell) and R2 (outer shell). The shells have  equal and opposite charges of +Q and −Q, respectively. For an isolated conducting spherical capacitor, the radius of the outer shell can be considered to be infinite.
Conventionally, considering the  symmetry, the electric field between the concentric shells of a spherical capacitor is directed radially outward. The magnitude of the field,...
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Equivalent Capacitance01:19

Equivalent Capacitance

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Multiple capacitors can be connected in a circuit in series or parallel configuration. When the capacitor combination is connected to a battery, the potential drop across each capacitor and the magnitude of charge stored in the individual capacitor depends on the type of the connection. The capacitor combination is replaced by a single equivalent capacitor that stores the same amount of charge as the combination for a given potential difference.
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Equivalent Capacitance01:19

Equivalent Capacitance

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From the study of resistive circuits, it is understood that employing a series-parallel combination serves as an effective strategy for simplifying circuits. Capacitors can be arranged within a circuit in one of two ways: a series configuration or a parallel configuration. The way these capacitors are connected to a battery will influence both the potential drop across each individual capacitor and the size of the charge that each capacitor can store. This is determined by the specific type of...
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Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen01:14

Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen

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A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
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Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Sensitivity Enhancement of Soft Capacitive Pressure Sensors Using a Solvent Evaporation-Based Porosity Control Technique
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Design, Implementation and Simulation of a Fringing Field Capacitive Humidity Sensor.

Adrian-Razvan Petre1, Razvan Craciunescu1, Octavian Fratu1

  • 1Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 București, Romania.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|October 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a low-cost, PCB-made interdigitated capacitive soil humidity sensor for precision agriculture. The developed Humidity and Temperature Measurement Wireless Equipment (HTMWE) leverages Internet of Things (IoT) technology for optimized crop management.

Keywords:
IoTagriculturecapacitive measurementfringe-fieldhumidity sensorlow power

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Manufacturing Simple and Inexpensive Soil Surface Temperature and Gravimetric Water Content Sensors
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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Engineering
  • Sensor Technology
  • Internet of Things (IoT)

Background:

  • Growing global population necessitates sustainable agriculture.
  • Internet of Things (IoT) technologies offer solutions for agricultural optimization.
  • Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are emerging in the agri-food sector.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate a low-cost, PCB-made interdigitated capacitive (IDC) soil humidity sensor.
  • Evaluate sensor design variations for improved performance.
  • Develop an IoT-based system for agricultural monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative study of 30 interdigitated capacitive (IDC) sensor design variations.
  • Manufacturing and experimental investigation of selected sensor designs.
  • Simulations to analyze the impact of aspect ratio and dielectric thickness.

Main Results:

  • Identified optimal design parameters for sensitivity and capacitance.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of PCB-based IDC sensors as a cost-effective alternative.
  • Successfully implemented a Humidity and Temperature Measurement Wireless Equipment (HTMWE).

Conclusions:

  • PCB-made IDC sensors offer a viable, low-cost solution for soil moisture monitoring.
  • The developed HTMWE system is suitable for IoT-enabled precision agriculture.
  • Further optimization of sensor design can enhance agricultural efficiency and sustainability.