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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Perception relies on hierarchical expectations from context and prior knowledge.
  • Auditory processing shows mismatch negativity (MMN) and P300 for expectation violations, suggesting prediction errors.
  • The link between event-related potentials (ERPs) and prediction errors in language comprehension is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the neural basis of hierarchical semantic expectations.
  • Examine if prediction error signals in language comprehension follow a hierarchical pattern.
  • Clarify the relationship between ERPs and prediction errors in semantic processing.

Main Methods:

  • Used a word-pair priming paradigm with electroencephalography (EEG).
  • Manipulated global context by varying the proportion of related/unrelated word-pairs.
  • Analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) time-locked to target words.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral data showed greater semantic priming in high-validity global contexts.
  • An early ERP effect (∼250 ms) reflected local prediction errors (semantic priming).
  • A later ERP signal (∼350 ms) interacted with global context but was strongest for fulfilled expectations, not violations.

Conclusions:

  • Early ERPs likely reflect prediction errors in semantic processing.
  • Later ERPs may relate to conscious access and task demands, rather than hierarchical prediction errors.
  • The findings challenge a simple hierarchical prediction error model for all ERPs in language comprehension.