[Cardiovascular fitness in oncology : Exercise and sport]

Malignant diseases lead to a decline in physical performance in a large number of patients. This includes a reduction of the musculoskeletal system, restrictions in cardiovascular fitness and psychogenically influenced syndromes such as fatigue and asthenia. It is not yet clear to what extent physical training can counteract these limitations or undesirable side effects and how this training needs to be designed in the individual situation.

The aim of this article is to find out whether physical training can be performed in cancer patients, how this training should be designed and which physical disorders can be influenced favorably.

In this review, the currently available work on this topic was evaluated and classified with regard to its feasibility and effects in cancer patients.

Physical training can be performed without complications in most patients even under treatment for the underlying malignant disease. It has a positive effect on physical performance, cardiovascular function, the perception of one's own cancer and overall well-being. Ideally, physical training for cancer patients should include a mixture of strength and endurance training. It should be carried out regularly and its intensity should be slowly increased. The type of physical activity should be adapted to the individual needs of the patient, take into account the particularities of the malignant disease and exclude any risk to the patient.

In summary, a physical training program to accompany cancer therapy should be offered to virtually all patients with malignant disease.