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Experimental and Data Analysis Considerations for Three-Dimensional Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Biomedical Research.

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Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) now offers 3D visualization of molecular distributions in tissues. This review covers key aspects and developments for routine multi-sample 3D-MSI studies.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical research
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Molecular imaging

Background:

  • Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) visualizes molecular distributions on surfaces.
  • Current MSI studies primarily use 2D approaches, analyzing single tissue slices.
  • Biological processes occur in 3D, necessitating volumetric analysis for comprehensive understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the expansion of MSI into three-dimensional (3D) analysis.
  • To discuss experimental and data analysis considerations for 3D-MSI.
  • To highlight developments enabling routine multi-sample 3D-MSI studies.

Main Methods:

  • Expansion of Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MSI) techniques to acquire volumetric data.
  • Development of data analysis strategies tailored for 3D molecular distribution datasets.
  • Review of current advancements in 3D-MSI instrumentation and workflows.

Main Results:

  • 3D-MSI provides visualization of molecular distributions within the entire sample volume.
  • Investigating volumetric data offers a more comprehensive understanding of biological complexity.
  • Single-sample 3D-MSI applications have rapidly increased.

Conclusions:

  • 3D-MSI is crucial for fully understanding spatial and molecular complexity in biological samples.
  • Addressing experimental and analytical challenges is key to successful 3D-MSI.
  • Ongoing developments are paving the way for routine multi-sample 3D-MSI analysis.