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Related Concept Videos

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation00:59

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

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Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with...
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...
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SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
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Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Membrane Domains01:18

Membrane Domains

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The membrane domains concentrate specific lipids and proteins at one place within the membrane, which helps in cell signaling, adhesion, and other critical cellular processes. These domains can differ in size, composition, function, and lifespan.
Protein Domains
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Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions
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Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions

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Double membrane formation in heterogeneous vesicles.

Dima Bolmatov1, Jan-Michael Y Carrillo2, Bobby G Sumpter2

  • 1Large Scale Structures Group, Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. d.bolmatov@gmail.com and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. mlavrent@utk.edu and Shull-Wollan Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.

Soft Matter
|October 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered how small molecules drive the formation of double-walled vesicles, essential biological structures. This process involves phase separation and a nucleation-growth mechanism, crucial for understanding cell organelle development.

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Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 6, 2025

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Obtention of Giant Unilamellar Hybrid Vesicles by Electroformation and Measurement of their Mechanical Properties by Micropipette Aspiration
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Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes
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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Lipids self-assemble into diverse structures, including multi-lamellar vesicles.
  • Layered lipid membranes are fundamental components of cellular organelles like autophagosomes and mitochondria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of double-walled vesicle formation from unilamellar vesicles.
  • To investigate the role of small molecule partitioning and phase separation in membrane formation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized molecular dynamics simulations to model lipid behavior.
  • Analyzed the nucleation and growth process of double membrane formation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that double membrane formation is initiated by a critical concentration of small molecules.
  • Observed that nucleated double membrane patches grow to encapsulate the entire vesicle.

Conclusions:

  • Proposed a novel mechanism for the spontaneous formation of double lipid bilayers.
  • Highlighted the implications for understanding the evolution and biogenesis of double membranes in cellular structures.