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Urine Studies I: Urinalysis01:29

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

768
Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...
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Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test

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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
460
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
155
Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis01:24

Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis

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Diagnosing acid-base imbalances involves systematically analyzing arterial blood samples, focusing on three key measurements: pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration, and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2). This analysis follows a four-step process that helps identify the imbalance's underlying cause and nature.
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
Next, the PCO2  and...
878
Urine: Physical and Chemical Properties01:18

Urine: Physical and Chemical Properties

2.9K
Urine comprises approximately 95% water and 5% solutes. The primary ingredient, apart from water, is urea - a byproduct of the breakdown of amino acids. Other notable components include uric acid, a residue from nucleic acid metabolism, and creatinine, a metabolite from creatine phosphate breakdown in skeletal muscle tissue.
The concentration of these solutes varies, with urea being the most abundant nitrogenous waste product. Other solutes include sodium, chloride, potassium, phosphate,...
2.9K
Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques01:08

Sample Preparation for Analysis: Advanced Techniques

966
Accurate analysis of complex samples often requires advanced preparation techniques to achieve reliable and reproducible results. Samples containing inorganic or organic materials can be challenging to dissolve or decompose effectively. Standard sample preparation methods include acid digestion, fusion, dry ashing, and wet digestion.
Acid digestion with strong acids is commonly used to dissolve inorganic materials that are insoluble (do not dissolve) in water. This method can be useful for...
966

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

One-step Metabolomics: Carbohydrates, Organic and Amino Acids Quantified in a Single Procedure
09:28

One-step Metabolomics: Carbohydrates, Organic and Amino Acids Quantified in a Single Procedure

Published on: June 25, 2010

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[Recommendations for urinary organic acids analysis].

Laetitia Van Noolen1, Cécile Acquaviva-Bourdain2, Anne-Frédérique Dessein3

  • 1Laboratoire des maladies héréditaires du métabolisme, Service de biochimie, biologie moléculaire et toxicologie environnementale, CHU Grenoble-Alpes, Grenoble, France.

Annales De Biologie Clinique
|October 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Accrediting organic acid chromatography is crucial for diagnosing hereditary metabolic diseases. This approach ensures reliable detection and quantification of key compounds in metabolic profiling.

Keywords:
ISO 15189ISO standardaccreditationorganic acids chromatography

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Hereditary metabolic diseases require comprehensive biochemical diagnosis.
  • Metabolic profiling aids in detecting numerous compounds simultaneously.
  • Organic acid chromatography is a key technique for identifying and quantifying these compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a framework for accrediting organic acid chromatography.
  • To align with medical biology accreditation standards (NF EN ISO 15189).
  • To provide recommendations for validating this diagnostic method.

Main Methods:

  • Discussing validation parameters specific to organic acid chromatography.
  • Adhering to the recommendations of the French society for inborn errors of metabolism (SFEIM).
  • Focusing on the accreditation process for medical biology examinations.

Main Results:

  • The study outlines an approach for accrediting organic acid chromatography.
  • It addresses the specific needs of diagnosing hereditary metabolic diseases.
  • Recommendations cover essential validation parameters for reliable results.

Conclusions:

  • Accreditation of organic acid chromatography is essential for accurate diagnosis of metabolic disorders.
  • The proposed framework supports compliance with international standards.
  • Standardized validation ensures the reliability of metabolic profiling in clinical settings.