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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

2.9K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
2.9K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
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In Vitro Application of a Wireless Sensor in Flexion-Extension Gap Balance of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty

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Functional Flexion Instability After Rotating-Platform Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Nicole Durig Quinlan1,2, Yongren Wu2, Alexander M Chiaramonti2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.

The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume
|October 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rotating-platform total knee arthroplasty (TKA-RP) requires a precise flexion gap. Even 2 mm of asymmetry can cause instability, leading to component malfunction and potential revision surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic biomechanics
  • Biomaterials science
  • Surgical implant design

Background:

  • Rotating-platform total knee arthroplasty (TKA-RP) implants are susceptible to insert subluxation and spinout.
  • Identifying "at risk" loading conditions is crucial for preventing adverse events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Define "at risk" loading conditions for TKA-RP implants.
  • Quantify tolerances for flexion-extension gap asymmetry and laxity.
  • Prevent insert subluxation and spinout in TKA-RP.

Main Methods:

  • Biomechanical testing of cadaveric limbs with TKA-RP implants.
  • Systematic variation of polyethylene inserts to simulate flexion-extension mismatch.
  • Measurement of rotational displacement, compartment separation, and insert concavity.
  • Calculation of yield torque as a surrogate for insert stability.

Main Results:

  • Insert rotation decreased with increasing knee flexion.
  • Yield torque increased with flexion and decreased with laxity.
  • Insert instability and condyle displacement occurred with increased flexion and asymmetrical laxity.
  • A narrow tolerance of <2 mm for flexion gap asymmetry was identified for smaller implant sizes.

Conclusions:

  • Decreased articular conformity with flexion and asymmetry leads to paradoxical femoral component motion.
  • Mobile-bearing TKA-RP demands a snug, symmetrical flexion gap.
  • As little as 2 mm of asymmetrical laxity can cause instability and malfunction.