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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Lipids03:38

Structure of Lipids

96.7K
Lipids include a diverse group of compounds that are largely nonpolar in nature. This is because they are hydrocarbons that include mostly nonpolar carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds. Non-polar molecules are hydrophobic (“water fearing”), or insoluble in water. Lipids perform many different functions in a cell. Cells store energy for long-term use in the form of fats. Lipids also provide insulation from the environment for plants and animals. For example, they help keep aquatic...
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Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:18

Lipids: Dietary Sources and Requirements

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Lipids are an essential component of a balanced human diet. Triglycerides, which make up the majority of dietary lipids, are found in both saturated fats—commonly present in meat, dairy products, and certain tropical plants like coconut, and hydrogenated oils such as margarine and baking shortenings (trans fats)—and unsaturated fats, which are abundant in seeds, nuts, olive oil, and most vegetable oils. The main sources of cholesterol include egg yolks, various meats and organ...
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Osmoregulation in Fishes02:32

Osmoregulation in Fishes

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When cells are placed in a hypotonic (low-salt) fluid, they can swell and burst. Meanwhile, cells in a hypertonic solution—with a higher salt concentration—can shrivel and die. How do fish cells avoid these gruesome fates in hypotonic freshwater or hypertonic seawater environments?
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Lipids as Anchors01:32

Lipids as Anchors

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In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains...
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Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism01:28

Overview of Fatty Acid Metabolism

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Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called beta-oxidation, which takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and converts their fatty acid chains into two-carbon units of acetyl groups. The acetyl...
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Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body01:31

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

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Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various  biological processes .
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are required in minimal quantities, but their deficiencies can lead to severely abnormal physiological conditions. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry skin,...
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Updated: Dec 6, 2025

NMR Spectroscopy as a Robust Tool for the Rapid Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Fish Oil Supplements
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NMR Spectroscopy as a Robust Tool for the Rapid Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Fish Oil Supplements

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The fish-oil paradox.

Stephen J Nicholls1, Adam J Nelson2

  • 1Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Victorian Heart Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Current Opinion in Lipidology
|October 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-dose eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) shows cardioprotective effects, but results vary with omega-3 fatty acid composition and dosage. This impacts cardiovascular prevention strategies.

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Determination of Total Lipid and Lipid Classes in Marine Samples
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NMR Spectroscopy as a Robust Tool for the Rapid Evaluation of the Lipid Profile of Fish Oil Supplements
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Determination of Total Lipid and Lipid Classes in Marine Samples
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Growing interest in omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) for cardioprotection.
  • Epidemiological and cohort studies suggest potential cardiovascular benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review contemporary clinical trials on omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes.
  • To assess the impact of varying omega-3 formulations and dosages on cardiovascular risk.

Main Methods:

  • Review of contemporary clinical trials.
  • Analysis of studies examining fish oil, high-dose EPA, and EPA/DHA formulations.

Main Results:

  • Early trials (pre-statin era) showed cardiovascular benefits with fish oils.
  • Subsequent studies yielded inconsistent results.
  • Recent high-dose EPA administration demonstrated cardiovascular risk reduction, unlike mixed EPA/DHA or lower doses.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiovascular outcomes are variable depending on omega-3 fatty acid composition and dose.
  • Findings have significant implications for public health and pharmacological cardiovascular prevention.