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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Calvarial tuberculosis: two cases in children.

Clemax Couto Sant'Anna1, Pedro Luiz Ferreira Perinei2, Ana Carolina Machado de Pessôa2

  • 1Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Medicina, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De Sao Paulo
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Calvarial tuberculosis (CTB), a rare skull TB, is uncommon in children. Two pediatric cases with CTB and other TB signs responded well to chemotherapy, highlighting effective treatment options.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Skeletal Tuberculosis
  • Medical Case Reports

Background:

  • Calvarial tuberculosis (CTB) is an extremely rare form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
  • Pediatric CTB cases are infrequently reported, with fewer than 60 documented before 2019.

Observation:

  • Two pediatric patients, aged four and eight, presented with CTB.
  • Both children had concurrent tuberculosis manifestations, including spinal and rib lesions, peripheral lymphadenopathy, and hepatic/splenic involvement.

Findings:

  • Diagnosis was confirmed through histopathological, bacteriological, and molecular methods.
  • Neither patient was HIV-positive.
  • Successful treatment was achieved with standard chemotherapy, without the need for surgical or orthopedic intervention.

Implications:

  • This study highlights that CTB in children, even with disseminated disease, can be effectively managed with chemotherapy.
  • It underscores the importance of considering CTB in the differential diagnosis of skull lesions in children with tuberculosis.
  • Early diagnosis and appropriate chemotherapy are crucial for favorable outcomes in pediatric calvarial tuberculosis.