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Related Concept Videos

Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles01:18

Anatomy of the Brain: Ventricles

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There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: High-Resolution Imaging of Mouse Neonate Brains – A Micro-CT Protocol with Lugol's Solution Contrast Agent
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Morphometric characteristics of anencephalic skulls - A comparative study.

Julia Schimp1, Christian Dornia2, Jochen Fanghänel1

  • 1University Medical Hospital Regensburg, Department of Orthodontics, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.

Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : Official Organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft
|October 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Anencephaly, a severe neural tube defect, results in a missing skullcap and smaller cranial base dimensions. This study details skeletal differences in anencephalic skulls compared to normal ones.

Keywords:
AnencephalyBone abnormalitiesCephalometryCranial defectsNeural tube defects

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cranioskeletal Morphology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Anencephaly is a severe neural tube defect characterized by the absence of a significant portion of the brain and skull.
  • Skull development involves both desmal (intramembranous) and chondral (endochondral) ossification, influenced by underlying soft tissues and genetic factors.
  • Previous research has not sufficiently detailed the morphometric characteristics of anencephalic skulls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comparatively assess macroscopic and cephalometric CT data of anencephalic and normal neonatal skulls.
  • To highlight skeletal morphological differences between anencephalic and normal skulls.
  • To provide data for improved diagnosis and skeletal classification of anencephaly.

Main Methods:

  • Macroscopic morphological-anatomical assessment of 11 macerated anencephalic and 4 normal neonatal skulls.
  • Cephalometric computed tomography (CT) analysis of skull structures and dimensions.
  • Comparative analysis of skeletal morphology and morphometric parameters.

Main Results:

  • Anencephalic skulls exhibit a missing skullcap and significantly reduced size of remaining skull bones.
  • Key parameters such as skull base dimensions, transverse orbital diameter, and maxillary width are significantly smaller in anencephalic skulls.
  • The viscerocranium morphology in anencephalic skulls is comparable to that of normal neonatal skulls.

Conclusions:

  • Anencephaly profoundly impacts cranial bone development, particularly the skullcap and base.
  • The findings offer valuable insights for diagnosing and classifying anencephaly based on skeletal morphology.
  • This research aids in identifying altered skeletal remains in historical and forensic contexts.