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Red Algae

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Red algae, also known as rhodophytes, are primarily found in marine environments, though some species inhabit freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. These organisms exist in both unicellular and multicellular forms, with some multicellular varieties reaching macroscopic sizes.As phototrophic organisms, red algae contain chlorophyll a; however, their chloroplasts lack chlorophyll b. Instead, they possess phycobiliproteins, which serve as major light-harvesting pigments, similar to those found in...
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The group Stramenopiles include some phototrophic microorganisms. Members of this group possess flagella covered in numerous short, hairlike extensions, a feature that inspired the group's name, derived from the Latin words for "straw" and "hair." Some of the main categories of Stramenopiles include diatoms, golden algae, and brown algae.Diatoms are unicellular, photosynthetic eukaryotes, with over 200 known genera. They play a key role in the planktonic communities of both marine and...
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Green algae, also referred to as chlorophytes, are different from red algae in having the chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b, which give them their distinct green hue. However, they lack phycobiliproteins, preventing them from developing the red or blue-green pigmentation seen in red algae. In terms of photosynthetic pigment composition, green algae closely resemble plants and share a close evolutionary relationship with them. Taxonomically Green algae belong to Phylum Chlorophyta in...
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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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The algal selenoproteomes.

Liang Jiang1,2,3, Yiqian Lu4,5, Lin Zheng4,5

  • 1College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518060, P.R. China. jiangliang@szu.edu.cn.

BMC Genomics
|October 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified over 1000 selenoprotein genes in 137 algae species, revealing the early evolution of these essential selenium-containing proteins in eukaryotes.

Keywords:
AlgaeEvolutionGenomicsSeleniumSelenoprotein

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Selenium is vital, with selenocysteine (Sec) as its main form in proteins.
  • Selenoproteins possess unique features: TGA codon, SECIS element, and conserved flanking regions.
  • Previous research on selenoprotein gene evolution is limited in single-cell eukaryotes like algae.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically analyze selenoprotein genes in algae.
  • To build a comprehensive database of algae selenoprotein genes.
  • To understand the evolutionary history of selenoproteins in early eukaryotes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a developed bioinformatics program for selenoprotein gene prediction.
  • Analyzed 137 diverse algae species.
  • Established a dedicated online database (www.selenoprotein.com) for data archiving.

Main Results:

  • Successfully predicted over 1000 selenoprotein genes across 137 algae species.
  • Identified 42 known selenoprotein families and discovered three novel families.
  • Created a centralized database for algae selenoprotein gene information.

Conclusions:

  • The study illuminates the ancestral state of the eukaryotic selenoproteome.
  • Provides crucial insights into the role of selenium in primordial eukaryotes.
  • Contributes to understanding the complete evolutionary trajectory of selenoproteins across all life forms.