Chiari Malformation and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Neurology
• Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder.
• Chiari malformations (CM) are structural defects in the base of the skull and cerebellum.

Observation:

• A 28-year-old woman presented with both ADHD and Chiari malformation type I (CM-I).
• The CM-I was diagnosed via CT scan.

Findings:

• Evidence suggests the cerebellum plays a role in ADHD pathophysiology.
• Cerebellar malformations, such as CM, may affect neurological circuitry relevant to ADHD.

Implications:

• This case underscores the potential link between cerebellar development and ADHD.
• Further research is needed to explore the cerebellum's role in ADHD.
• Clinicians should consider CM in ADHD evaluations.