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Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: a rare gallbladder pathology from a single-center perspective
Ahmet Gokhan Saritas1, Mehmet Onur Gul2, Zafer Teke2
1Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research
|October 8, 2020
Summary
Diagnosing xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is challenging preoperatively. Definitive diagnosis of XGC relies solely on pathological examination, highlighting the need for advanced imaging techniques.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Pathology
- Radiology
Background:
- Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is a rare, chronic inflammatory condition of the gallbladder.
- It can mimic gallbladder cancer clinically and radiologically.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the clinical and pathological features of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC).
- To evaluate the diagnostic challenges of XGC.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective review of 79 patients diagnosed with XGC.
- Analysis of histopathological criteria including histiocytes, cholesterol deposits, and lipids.
- Review of imaging findings from computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Main Results:
- The study included 79 patients (65.8% male, 34.2% female) with a mean age of 65.8 years.
- Abdominal pain was the most common symptom (63.3%); jaundice was least common (8.9%).
- Imaging showed gallbladder wall thickening in over 80% of cases, with suspicion of malignancy often reported but not confirmed.
Conclusions:
- Preoperative and intraoperative diagnosis of XGC is difficult.
- Advanced imaging beyond ultrasonography is needed for preoperative assessment.
- Definitive diagnosis of XGC is exclusively dependent on histopathological examination.
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