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The Vestibular System

The Vestibular System

The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

Preliminary study on an added vestibular-ocular reflex visual conflict task for postural control.

Ryan N Moran¹, Graham Cochrane²

¹Department of Health Science, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa Alabama, United States.

Journal of Clinical and Translational Research

|October 8, 2020

Summary

Adding a visual conflict task to the modified-Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance (m-CTSIB) helps assess vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) function. This new condition showed acceptable test-retest reliability for postural control evaluation.

Keywords:

balance vestibular visual

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Last Updated: Dec 6, 2025

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Published on: August 22, 2025

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Published on: May 23, 2013

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Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Published on: August 30, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomechanics
Clinical Assessment

Background:

The modified-Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance (m-CTSIB) evaluates postural control by assessing visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems.
The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is crucial for maintaining visual stability during head movements, but its specific role in postural control within the m-CTSIB framework remains under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the preliminary effects of incorporating a VOR visual conflict task into the m-CTSIB.
To assess the baseline and re-test reliability of this novel VOR condition within the m-CTSIB.

Main Methods:

Seventeen healthy college-aged participants performed the m-CTSIB with an added VOR visual conflict task (lateral headshake).
Assessments were conducted at baseline and a 72-hour follow-up, measuring sway scores across various conditions (eyes open/closed, firm/foam surfaces).
Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for condition differences and Spearman correlations for reliability.

Main Results:

The VOR visual conflict task resulted in significantly worse sway scores compared to eyes-open conditions on firm and foam surfaces (p<0.001).
It yielded better sway scores than the eyes-closed foam condition (P=0.01).
Strong correlations (r_s=0.81 for firm, r_s=0.83 for foam) were found for VOR task retest reliability at 72 hours.

Conclusions:

The added VOR visual conflict task uniquely challenges the vestibular-ocular system, differentiating it from other m-CTSIB conditions.
This task may reveal greater postural control deficits in individuals with vestibular-ocular dysfunction.
The test-retest reliability of the VOR condition within the m-CTSIB is clinically acceptable.