Cleaner colorant extraction and environmentally wool dyeing using oak as eco-friendly mordant

Textile and dyeing are one of the most significant industries in many states. The employing of natural dyes in dyeing procedure is very important due to the environmental security of the area. To obtain a green, clean, and environmentally friendly dyeing of yarns, two natural dyes of madder and weld, which are native to Iran, were employed for dyeing yarns for carpet preparation. Due to the low affinity of natural dyes and maintaining the biocompatibility of the dyeing process, the oak was used as a new tannin rich mordant. The ultrasound-microwave-assisted method in water solution was used for extraction, and yield to the process was obtained about 27, 32, and 36% for madder, weld, and oak, respectively. The extractions were analyzed by UV-Visible and SEM techniques, and the ash, humidity, and density properties of these were investigated. The pre-mordanting method was employed for this study, and ferrous sulphate was used for compare of natural mordant performance. The washed, mordanted, and dyed yarns were investigated by analytical techniques, and the accuracy of these processes was confirmed. The fastness properties as well as the colorimetric characteristics of dyed yarns were assessed using related standards, and the dyed yarns have acceptable performance and could compete with metal mordant, colorimetrically.