Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory01:15

Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory

260
Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
260
Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

6.3K
Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This...
6.3K
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.2K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.2K
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

334
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
334
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

324
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
324
Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

288
Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
288

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mental imagery and its role in the psychopathology and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Journal of anxiety disorders·2026
Same author

Hippocampal theta sweeps indicate goal direction during navigation.

Nature neuroscience·2026
Same author

Hippocampo-neocortical interaction as compressive retrieval-augmented generation.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Spatial encoding of a traumatic virtual reality scene reduces intrusive memories.

Social cognitive and affective neuroscience·2026
Same author

Head direction cells use a head-referenced dual-axis updating rule in 3D space.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Path Integration in Alzheimer's Disease: Orientation, Movement, and Theta Rhythmicity.

Annual review of neuroscience·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

13.9K

EPS mid-career prize 2018: Inference within episodic memory reflects pattern completion.

Siti Nurnadhirah Binte Mohd Ikhsan1, James A Bisby2, Daniel Bush1,3

  • 1UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006)
|October 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Episodic memory reconstruction involves inferring events from associations. This study shows pattern completion aids recalling full events and inferring missing links in partial events via the hippocampus.

Keywords:
Episodic memoryhippocampusinferencepattern completionrecollection

More Related Videos

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

11.9K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease
11:01

Examining the Characteristics of Episodic Memory using Event-related Potentials in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Published on: August 30, 2011

13.9K
A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

11.9K
Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm
06:35

Examining Recall Memory in Infancy and Early Childhood Using the Elicited Imitation Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2016

34.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Episodic memory relies on reconstructing events from associations.
  • Understanding how the brain infers unseen relationships is crucial for memory research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the formation of multielement events from sequential element presentation.
  • Examine the role of pattern completion in recalling fully and partially observed events.
  • Explore the inference of indirect associations within episodic memory.

Main Methods:

  • Presented overlapping pairs of elements (people, places, objects) from different events.
  • Tested retrieval of direct and indirect associations within fully and partially observed events.
  • Utilized an auto-associative network model to account for findings.

Main Results:

  • Direct association retrieval from fully observed events showed statistical dependency (pattern completion).
  • Indirect association inference in partially observed events was dependent and correlated with linking direct associations.
  • Pattern completion supports recollection of complete events and inference of indirect associations.

Conclusions:

  • Pattern completion is vital for reconstructing fully observed episodic memories.
  • Associative inference, mediated by hippocampal pattern completion, underpins the reconstruction of complex events.
  • Findings highlight the role of hippocampal pattern completion in inferring relationships within episodic memory.