Intrapartum PCR assay is a fast and efficient screening method for Group B Streptococcus detection in pregnancy

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Obstetrics
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Group B Streptococcus (GBS) maternal colonization is a significant concern during pregnancy.
• Accurate and timely detection of GBS is crucial for preventing neonatal infections.
• Existing screening methods may have limitations in accurately reflecting intrapartum colonization status.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the diagnostic utility of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) versus traditional culture for antepartum and intrapartum GBS maternal colonization.
• To assess the prevalence of discordance between antenatal screening and intrapartum GBS status.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of intrapartum GBS detection in guiding prophylactic antibiotic therapy.

Main Methods:

• The study included 106 pregnant women aged 18-39 years.
• Rectovaginal samples were collected at 35-37 weeks gestation and during the first stage of labor.
• Samples were analyzed using both standard microbiological culture and real-time PCR assay.

Main Results:

• Significant discordance was observed between antenatal and intrapartum GBS prevalence.
• Differences in GBS detection rates were noted between culture and PCR methods.
• The study identified variations in GBS status from antenatal screening to the time of delivery.

Conclusions:

• Intrapartum GBS detection, using either culture or real-time PCR, is highly beneficial for managing prophylactic antibiotic therapy.
• Real-time PCR offers a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for intrapartum GBS screening, even during labor.
• Intrapartum PCR testing for GBS in all pregnant women, including those negative on antenatal screening, may reduce the risk of neonatal GBS infections.