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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

937
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Anion Intercalation into a Graphite Electrode from Trimethyl Phosphate.

Lei Zhang1,2, Hongyu Wang1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|October 8, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Anions can intercalate into graphite electrodes from trimethyl phosphate (TMP) solutions when lithium salt concentrations increase or charge cutoff voltages rise. This enables enhanced performance in electric energy storage devices.

Keywords:
anion−graphite intercalation compoundsconcentrated solutionsdual-ion batteriessolvated aniontrimethyl phosphate

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Trimethyl phosphate (TMP) is a flame-retardant solvent used in electric energy storage.
  • Anion intercalation into graphite electrodes from neat TMP is challenging under normal conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conditions under which anions can intercalate into graphite electrodes from TMP solutions.
  • To explore the impact of different lithium salts and electrochemical parameters on anion intercalation.
  • To analyze the structural and electrochemical changes in graphite electrodes.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical tests (Li/graphite cells) with varying lithium salt concentrations and charge cutoff voltages.
  • Ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystal structure analysis.
  • Spectroscopic techniques (NMR, FTIR, Raman) for solution characterization.

Main Results:

  • Successful anion intercalation (from LiPF6, LiBF4, LiFSI, LiTFSI) into graphite electrodes was achieved by increasing lithium salt concentration or charge cutoff voltage.
  • The intercalation process was confirmed through ex situ XRD analysis.
  • Spectroscopic methods characterized the TMP solutions and the solvation of anions.

Conclusions:

  • Anion intercalation into graphite from TMP is feasible under specific conditions, enhancing its utility in electric energy storage.
  • The choice of lithium salt and electrochemical parameters significantly influences intercalation efficiency.
  • Understanding anion solvation and intercalation mechanisms is crucial for optimizing battery performance.