Related Experiment Video
Updated: Dec 6, 2025
A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Published on: January 5, 2017
Lymphatic and vascular invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma: Implications for recurrence and survival in a
Steffen Spoerl1, Michael Gerken2, René Fischer3
1Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
Objective:
Numerous studies analyzed lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in various malignant diseases, however, little is known about the role of lymphatic invasion (LI) as well as vascular invasion (VI) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The aim of this study is to illuminate the role of LI and VI in a population-based cohort study.
Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed 745 primarily resected OSCC patients in Eastern Bavaria for histopathologically verified LI and VI. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were calculated, whereas analysis was performed by uni- and multivariate statistics. Mean follow-up time was 7.4 years.
Results:
LI was found in 115 patients (15.4%), VI was diagnosed in 23 cases (3.1%). LI correlated significantly with distinct anatomical sites (p = 0.004), increasing pT-classification (p < 0.001), lymph node involvement (p < 0.001), higher grading (p < 0.001), advanced UICC-stages (p < 0.001) and adjuvant therapies (p < 0.001). Similar results were found for VI. Survival analysis resulted in a significantly decreased five-year OS and RFS in patients with diagnosed LI (OS: 41.1%, RFS: 38.3%) in contrast to LI-negative cases (OS: 66.8%, RFS: 59.7.7%, p < 0.001). Analogous outcomes were seen for patients with VI. Additionally, LI was identified as a predictive parameter, indicating individual patients' response to adjuvant therapies.
Conclusion:
This population-based cohort study underlines the unfavorable aspect of LI and VI on outcome in OSCC. Including LI and VI in existing staging systems could help to stratify patients' risk for adverse outcome and consecutively determine adjuvant treatment in malignant disease.
More Related Videos
12:03Multi-photon Imaging of Tumor Cell Invasion in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Published on: July 25, 2011
07:29Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
Published on: April 22, 2019
Related Concept Videos
01:16Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Transport
This one-way system allows fluids, solutes, and even pathogens to enter but prevents their return to the intercellular...
01:15Development of the Lymphatic System
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
02:07Tumor Progression
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
01:21Cancer Survival Analysis