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Heat and temperature are essential concepts for everyone every day. The study of heat and temperature is part of an area of physics known as thermodynamics. It is not always easy to distinguish heat and temperature.
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Isomorph theory beyond thermal equilibrium.

Jeppe C Dyre1

  • 1Glass and Time, IMFUFA, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|October 9, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study extends isomorph theory to non-equilibrium systems using "systemic isomorphs." Dynamics remain invariant along these lines, unifying observations in various flow and glass states.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-Equilibrium Systems
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Isomorph theory successfully describes equilibrium systems.
  • Extending isomorph theory to non-equilibrium conditions is a significant challenge.
  • Previous studies observed isomorph invariance in specific non-equilibrium scenarios.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Generalize isomorph theory to systems far from thermal equilibrium.
  • Introduce and define "systemic isomorphs" for non-equilibrium systems.
  • Provide a unified theoretical framework for previously observed non-equilibrium isomorph invariance.

Main Methods:

  • Definition of R-simple systems with hidden-scale-invariance.
  • Introduction of "systemic temperature" and "systemic isomorphs."
  • Analysis of dynamics invariance along systemic isomorphs based on temperature ratios.

Main Results:

  • Generalization of isomorph theory to R-simple non-equilibrium systems.
  • Identification of systemic isomorphs as lines of constant excess entropy.
  • Demonstration of dynamics invariance under constant systemic-to-bath temperature ratios.
  • Rationalization of isomorph invariance in shear flows, plastic flows, and glasses.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework consistently explains isomorph invariance in diverse non-equilibrium systems.
  • Systemic isomorphs offer a powerful tool for studying complex dynamics.
  • Future work may involve redefining reduced quantities using systemic temperature.