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Ultrasound Diagnostic Method in Vascular Dementia: Current Concepts

Antonio Siniscalchi1, Cleona Gray2, Giovanni Malferrari3

  • 1Department of Neurology and Stroke Unit, Annunziata Hospital of Cosenza, Cosenza, Italy.

Current Medical Imaging
|October 9, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Cerebral hemodynamic changes detected by intracranial ultrasound may indicate cognitive impairment in elderly individuals. This non-invasive method aids in diagnosing vascular dementia (VaD) and stratifying cognitive decline risk.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Growing interest in cerebral hemodynamics alterations linked to cognitive impairment in elderly patients with vascular risk factors.
  • Vascular dementia (VaD) is a significant concern in aging populations.
  • Identifying early indicators of cognitive decline is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of intracranial ultrasound in detecting cerebral hemodynamic changes in vascular dementia (VaD) patients.
  • To assess the utility of Transcranial Doppler (TCD) and transcranial duplex with color code (TCCD) in diagnosing and managing VaD.
  • To highlight the potential of non-invasive ultrasound methods in cognitive impairment assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and reference lists up to March 30, 2020.
  • Inclusion of clinical studies reporting Transcranial Doppler (TCD) and transcranial duplex with color code (TCCD) parameters in VaD patients.
  • Focus on non-invasive ultrasound techniques for cerebral vascular assessment.

Main Results:

  • Various Transcranial Doppler (TCD) parameters have been reported in clinical studies for vascular dementia (VaD).
  • The use of transcranial duplex with color code (TCCD) is less common, with most data relying on TCD.
  • Transcranial Doppler (TCD) shows promise in stratifying elderly patients with early cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Intracranial ultrasound is a valuable non-invasive tool for evaluating cerebral hemodynamic changes in VaD.
  • Transcranial Doppler (TCD) can aid in the diagnosis and risk stratification of vascular dementia.
  • Further research utilizing TCCD may enhance the understanding and management of cognitive impairment in elderly populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
Ultrasound diagnostic methodelderly patients.neurosonologytranscranial dopplertranscranial duplex color codevascular dementia

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