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Relationships between ionizing radiation, bone marrow transplantation and leukemogenesis.
Scientia Sinica. Series B, Chemical, Biological, Agricultural, Medical & Earth Sciences
|February 1, 1987
Summary
Bone marrow transplantation protects irradiated mice from death but increases leukemia risk. Leukemia originates from donor cells, suggesting radiation-induced factors, not just DNA damage, cause cancer.
Area of Science:
- Radiation biology
- Hematology
- Oncology
Background:
- Ionizing radiation exposure can lead to hematopoietic system damage.
- Bone marrow transplantation is a potential treatment for radiation-induced injuries.
- The relationship between radiation, transplantation, and leukemogenesis requires further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of ionizing radiation dose on donor bone marrow cells.
- To determine the incidence of leukemia following bone marrow transplantation in irradiated mice.
- To elucidate the origin of leukemic cells and the mechanisms of radiation-induced leukemogenesis.
Main Methods:
- 343 LACA mice were used, with recipients receiving 7-8 Gy Co-60 gamma-rays.
- Donors were exposed to varying doses of Co-60 gamma-rays (0-3 Gy).
- Recipients received 1-3 X 10(7) donor bone marrow cells intravenously; Y-chromosome analysis confirmed cell origin.
Main Results:
- 86% of recipients survived over 1 month post-transplantation.
- Myelocytic leukemia developed in 88.5% of transplanted mice.
- Leukemia onset was faster (1.5-2.5 months) with higher donor radiation doses (3 Gy) compared to lower doses (5-8 months).
- Y-chromosome analysis confirmed leukemic cells originated from donor marrow.
Conclusions:
- Bone marrow transplantation can protect against lethal radiation doses but promotes leukemia development.
- Radiation exposure may induce factors that transform engrafted normal marrow cells into leukemic cells.
- Leukemogenesis is not solely due to direct DNA damage but also involves radiation-induced systemic factors.