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Saliva diagnostic utility in patients with type 2 diabetes: Future standard method
Marwa Mrag1, Asma Kassab1, Asma Omezzine2
1University of Monastir, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Oral Health and Oro-Facial Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Monastir, Tunisia.
Saliva analysis offers a reliable, non-invasive method for diagnosing and monitoring type 2 diabetes. Key biomarkers in saliva correlate with blood levels, supporting its use as a diagnostic tool.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Clinical Diagnostics
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Type 2 diabetes diagnosis relies heavily on blood tests.
- Exploring alternative, less invasive diagnostic methods is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the reliability of saliva as a diagnostic and monitoring tool for type 2 diabetes.
- To compare salivary biomarkers with blood parameters in diabetic patients and healthy controls.
Main Methods:
- Collected blood and unstimulated whole saliva from 300 type 2 diabetic patients and 300 controls.
- Assessed salivary parameters including glucose, urea, amylase, total protein, albumin, CRP, IgA, potassium, calcium, and chloride.
- Calculated salivary flow rate and performed oral examinations.
Main Results:
- Salivary glucose, urea, amylase, total protein, potassium, calcium, and chloride were significantly higher in diabetic patients.
- Salivary IgA levels and flow rate were significantly reduced in patients.
- Strong positive correlations were observed between salivary and plasma glucose and urea levels.
Conclusions:
- Saliva demonstrates potential as a reliable diagnostic tool for type 2 diabetes.
- Salivary biomarker analysis can aid in the monitoring of type 2 diabetes.
- Non-invasive salivary testing offers a promising alternative to blood tests for type 2 diabetes management.
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