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Kerr Microresonator Soliton Frequency Combs at Cryogenic Temperatures.

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Operating silicon nitride microresonators at cryogenic temperatures significantly reduces thermo-refractive noise, enabling accessible single soliton Kerr frequency combs for advanced optical clocks and metrology.

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Kerr frequency combs in microresonators are crucial for optical metrology.
  • Thermo-refractive noise at room temperature limits the performance of these devices.
  • Cryogenic operation offers a potential solution to mitigate noise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the feasibility and performance of single soliton Kerr frequency combs in silicon nitride microresonators at cryogenic temperatures.
  • To assess the impact of cryogenic temperatures on key soliton generation parameters.
  • To evaluate the potential for low-noise operation and improved device performance.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of silicon nitride microresonators at temperatures as low as 7 K.
  • Adiabatic frequency tuning of the pump laser to access single bright Kerr soliton states.
  • Theoretical modeling to support experimental observations and analyze parameter impacts.
  • Characterization of thermo-refractive coefficient, quality factor, dispersion, and nonlinearity.

Main Results:

  • A two-orders-of-magnitude reduction in the thermo-refractive coefficient was achieved at cryogenic temperatures.
  • Single bright Kerr soliton states were easily accessible below 60 K.
  • Cryogenic temperatures primarily affected the thermo-refractive coefficient, leaving other soliton generation parameters unaltered.
  • Significant potential for improved thermo-refractive noise performance was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • Cryogenic operation is a viable strategy for enhancing the performance of silicon nitride microresonator-based Kerr frequency combs.
  • This approach enables accessible single soliton states and reduced noise, paving the way for advanced chip-scale optical clocks and metrology.
  • The findings open new avenues for developing high-precision photonic devices at cryogenic temperatures.