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Published on: February 17, 2022
Assessing Immunotherapy with Functional and Molecular Imaging and Radiomics
Roberto García-Figueiras1, Sandra Baleato-González1, Antonio Luna1
1From the Department of Radiology, Oncologic Imaging, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Choupana s/n, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain (R.G.F., S.B.G.); Department of Radiology, HT Medica, Jaén, Spain (A.L, J.B.); Department of Nuclear Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Vigo, Vigo, Spain (J.M.I.); Department of Radiology, Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (L.O.); Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Medicina Nuclear, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain (J.A.V.C.); MRI Unit, HT Medica, Jaén, Spain (T.M.N.); Department of Medical Oncology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain (M.C.A.); and Department of Radiology, Clínica Girona, Institute of Diagnostic Imaging, Girona, Spain (J.C.V.).
Immunotherapy requires advanced medical imaging to predict treatment response and monitor cancer patients. New imaging techniques are crucial for distinguishing true progression from pseudoprogression, optimizing cancer immunotherapy.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Radiology
- Immunology
Background:
- Immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment, presenting new medical imaging challenges.
- Predicting patient response and monitoring treatment efficacy are critical due to variable outcomes.
- Conventional imaging struggles with immunotherapy's unique response patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the fundamentals of the tumor immune microenvironment and immunotherapy's impact on imaging.
- To discuss advanced functional and molecular imaging techniques for assessing immunotherapy.
- To explore the role of radiomics, radiogenomics, and imaging biomarkers in immunotherapy.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on immunotherapy and medical imaging.
- Discussion of tumor immune microenvironment and its influence on imaging findings.
- Exploration of advanced imaging techniques (functional, molecular, radiomics, radiogenomics).
Main Results:
- Pretreatment imaging can identify prognostic factors and predict immunotherapy response.
- Follow-up imaging must differentiate pseudoprogression from true progression.
- Advanced imaging methods are necessary to overcome limitations of conventional techniques.
Conclusions:
- Medical imaging plays a vital role in optimizing cancer immunotherapy.
- Functional and molecular imaging, radiomics, and radiogenomics offer promising avenues for assessment.
- Development of novel imaging biomarkers is essential for future immunotherapy evaluation.
