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Extracellular vesicles: new players in regulating vascular barrier function.

Victor Chatterjee1, Xiaoyuan Yang1, Yonggang Ma1

  • 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida.

American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology
|October 9, 2020
PubMed
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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key in cardiovascular health, acting as diagnostic markers and mediators of inflammation. This review explores their role in vascular injury and potential as therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
endothelial permeabilityexosomesinflammationmicrovesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in cardiovascular disease.
  • Derived from blood and vascular cells, EVs carry molecular cargo reflecting their cell of origin.
  • They are implicated in intercellular communication and inflammatory responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biology of EVs and advanced isolation/characterization techniques.
  • To discuss the mechanisms by which EVs regulate blood-endothelium interactions and vascular permeability during inflammation.
  • To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs in vascular injury and infectious diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current knowledge on EV biology.
  • Summary of advanced techniques for EV isolation and characterization.
  • Discussion of mechanistic studies on EV function in inflammation.

Main Results:

  • EVs play a critical role in vascular endothelial barrier dysfunction during inflammation.
  • Circulating EVs mediate tissue-tissue communication and influence target cell function.
  • EVs possess distinct molecular signatures useful for diagnosis and prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • EVs are crucial in the pathogenesis of vascular inflammation and injury.
  • Understanding EV mechanisms offers diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities.
  • EVs hold translational potential for vascular diseases, including COVID-19.