Radiation dose optimization in diagnostic and interventional radiology: Current issues and future perspectives.

Area of Science:

• Radiological Sciences
• Medical Physics
• Health Technology

Background:

• Medical radiological imaging use has surged due to technological advancements and availability.
• Limited evidence exists on cancer risks from radiation doses below 100 mSv, highlighting the need for patient dose optimization.
• Optimization is essential across various imaging modalities, including digital radiology, CT, interventional radiology, and mammography.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the importance of patient dose optimization in medical imaging.
• To identify key steps for a successful dose optimization process in digital radiology, CT, interventional radiology, and mammography.
• To propose a 5-step framework for effective patient dose optimization.

Main Methods:

• A literature review was conducted to identify reasons for and steps in dose optimization.
• The review focused on digital radiology, Computed Tomography, interventional radiology, and mammography.
• A 5-step optimization process was proposed based on recent literature.

Main Results:

• A 5-step dose optimization process is proposed: quality assurance, establishing a dose optimization team, determining baseline doses, modifying protocols, and evaluating the process.
• Optimization requires joint efforts in equipment performance, exam protocol customization, and staff behavior.
• Manufacturers should provide detailed protocol descriptions and training on dose reduction features.

Conclusions:

• The diagnostic radiology medical physicist should actively lead daily clinical routines to promote dose optimization.
• A structured, multi-faceted approach involving technology, protocols, and personnel is necessary for effective patient dose reduction.
• Continuous evaluation and proactive engagement are key to minimizing radiation exposure while maintaining diagnostic image quality.