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Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Creating a Structurally Realistic Finite Element Geometric Model of a Cardiomyocyte to Study the Role of Cellular Architecture in Cardiomyocyte Systems Biology

Creating a Structurally Realistic Finite Element Geometric Model of a Cardiomyocyte to Study the Role of Cellular Architecture in Cardiomyocyte Systems Biology

Published on: April 18, 2018

Observability analysis and state observer design for a cardiac ionic cell model.

Anthony Guzman¹, Ryan Vogt², Clar Charron³

¹Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.

Computers in Biology and Medicine

|October 9, 2020

Summary

Researchers used control theory to analyze cardiac cell models, finding that measuring intracellular potassium levels can reveal crucial information about arrhythmia formation. This could improve methods for estimating unmeasurable cellular states in heart cells.

Keywords:

Action potential Cardiac electrophysiology Computational science Data assimilation Electrical alternans Mathematical biosciences Observability analysis

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Published on: June 16, 2020

Area of Science:

Computational Biology
Systems Biology
Cardiac Electrophysiology

Background:

Cardiac arrhythmias arise from complex cellular dynamics.
Current measurement techniques like electrocardiography and patch clamping have limitations in capturing all relevant cellular information.
Simultaneous recording of intracellular ionic concentrations and gating states is needed to fully understand arrhythmia formation.

Purpose of the Study:

To apply observability analysis from control theory to the Luo-Rudy dynamic (LRd) model of a cardiac ventricular myocyte.
To determine which cellular measurements could best reconstruct unobserved system states related to arrhythmias.
To assess the feasibility of inferring unmeasured variables from feasible measurements.

Main Methods:

Linearization of the time-integrated LRd model around periodic orbits.
Computation of observability properties for different hypothetical measurement sets.
Design and simulation of pole-placement state observer algorithms.
Analysis of measurement timings and parameter shifts impacting observability.

Main Results:

Intracellular potassium concentration measurements generally provided the highest observability values, indicating significant information content about dominant system modes.
It is possible to infer unmeasured cellular variables from potassium concentration measurements.
Membrane potential measurements also offered some degree of inferential capability.
The study explored the influence of measurement timing and inter-stimulus interval on observability.

Conclusions:

Observability analysis of the LRd model suggests that intracellular potassium measurements are highly informative for understanding cardiac cell dynamics.
The findings support the potential for developing advanced data assimilation algorithms to estimate difficult-to-measure cellular quantities in cardiac research.
This approach could enhance in vitro experimental data by combining model predictions with targeted measurements.