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Association between Body Composition, Physical Activity, Food Intake and Bone Status in German Children and
Juliane Heydenreich1, Antje Schweter1, Petra Lührmann1
1Institute of Health Sciences, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, 73525 Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|October 10, 2020
Summary
High bone mass in youth is key for preventing osteoporosis. Physical activity and fat-free mass, alongside age and sex, significantly influence bone health in school children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Bone Health
- Lifestyle Medicine
- Osteoporosis Prevention
Background:
- Establishing peak bone mass during childhood and adolescence is crucial for long-term skeletal health and osteoporosis prevention.
- Lifestyle factors play a significant role in bone development during critical growth periods.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between various lifestyle factors and bone outcomes in school-aged children.
- To identify key determinants of bone mass in adolescents.
Main Methods:
- Quantitative ultrasonometry (stiffness index, SI) and bioelectrical impedance analysis were used to assess bone mass and body composition.
- Food intake (Bone Healthy Eating Index) and physical activity level (PAL) were evaluated using standardized questionnaires.
- Statistical analyses included Spearman's rank correlation and multiple linear regression to examine relationships and variance.
Main Results:
- SI showed significant correlations with age, BMI, fat-free mass, fat mass, PAL, and puberty status in both sexes (p < 0.01).
- Dietary intake, assessed by BoneHEI, did not correlate with SI (p > 0.05).
- Age, fat-free mass, sex, and PAL collectively explained 35% of the variance in SI (p < 0.0001).
Conclusions:
- Physical activity level (PAL) and fat-free mass are significant contributors to bone health in school children, in addition to age and sex.
- Recommendations for school children emphasize the importance of regular physical activity for improving bone status and potentially preventing future osteoporosis.
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