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Unveiling Xenobiotic Transport and Effects in Isolated Mitochondria: Insights from Respirometric and Enzymatic Assays

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Trypanocidal Essential Oils: A Review.

Mayara Castro de Morais¹, Jucieudo Virgulino de Souza¹, Carlos da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho¹

¹Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, 58051-900 João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|October 10, 2020

Summary

Essential oils from 77 plants show trypanocidal activity against Trypanosoma parasites causing Chagas disease and African trypanosomiasis. These natural products offer promising therapeutic potential for treating these neglected tropical diseases.

Keywords:

African trypanosomiasis Chagas disease Trypanosoma essential oils natural product neglected disease protozoan terpene trypanosomiasis

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Area of Science:

Parasitology
Natural Product Chemistry
Drug Discovery

Background:

Trypanosomiases, including Chagas disease and African trypanosomiasis, are severe human diseases caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus *Trypanosoma*.
Current therapeutic options for trypanosomiases are limited, often exhibiting low efficacy and significant toxicity.
There is an urgent need for novel, effective, and safe treatments against these neglected tropical diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and synthesize existing literature on the trypanocidal properties of essential oils derived from various plant sources.
To identify plants with essential oils demonstrating significant activity against *Trypanosoma* species.
To discuss the chemical constituents and potential mechanisms of action of these essential oils.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search for studies reporting the trypanocidal activity of plant-derived essential oils.
Selection of 77 plants based on reported efficacy against *Trypanosoma* species in scientific literature.
Analysis of reported chemical compositions and proposed mechanisms of action for active essential oils.

Main Results:

Seventy-seven plant species were identified as sources of essential oils with demonstrated trypanocidal activity.
The essential oils contain various chemical constituents that contribute to their antiparasitic effects.
Experimental data (in vitro and in vivo) support the therapeutic potential of these natural products.

Conclusions:

Essential oils represent a promising source of novel therapeutic agents for treating human trypanosomiases.
Further research into the specific compounds and mechanisms of action can facilitate the development of new anti-trypanosomal drugs.
Natural products, particularly essential oils, hold significant potential for addressing the unmet medical needs in trypanosomiasis treatment.